Criteria for essay writing
Good Topics For Psychology Position Paper
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Business Research Part
The wellness groups make is decently ass for anybody with a weight reduction or wellbeing objective to quantify and follow their activity to incorporate advances taken every day, and measure of vitality and calories consumed. N.B. has framed a group to explore the precision and effect of wearing the fuel band. The essential advantage of the fuel band is proposed to be to help with helping shoppers track their movement so as to get more fit. To guarantee this is advantage is being accomplished N.B. requirements to show that as an individual's movement level increments so does the quantity of calories they are consuming. Theory Statements 1 .The utilization of a wellness band to follow action will prompt expanded action (steps taken and separation secured) bringing about weight reduction. 2. The exactness of the wellness band will permit people an approach to know the degree of their every day yield and contribution to arrange for them to arrive at their wellness objectives. Exploratio n In getting ready for this investigation there was a specific inquiries that guided the general reasoning. What effect does a wellness band have on a clients by and large broad wellbeing? By showing information concerning every day action, for example, steps taken, separation secured, calories consumed and hours rested can a client increase a watchfulness of their general activity?With this is mind it is critical to think back on the data that is as of now accessible to us. There have been broad investigations directed in this domain since the wellness band has risen into the wellbeing and wellness industry. The group autonomously went out and explored this examination to discover what might be applicable to setting up this exploration plan. These range to rehash the precision of the band on action, the persuading factor it has on calorie checking, and the general execution of the different groups on the market.In a few of the articles it was apparent that when maturing strolling a ction wellness groups proceed as wanted. The Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports (2014) distributed an investigation where an example of grown-ups utilized wellness groups while strolling on the treadmill at different velocities. Endless supply of the examination it was esteemed the no ââ¬Å"significant contrasts were notedâ⬠between the wellness groups tally and that of the eyewitness tallies, along these lines a significant level of between gadget unwavering quality was available (Journal of Science and Medicine in Sports, 2014).Establishing that a wellness and has high dependability it precisely showing movement set the decision of our reliant variable. Next we need build up that our autonomous variable were what we needed to be founded on the different other examination out there. Mossier set forth an investigation in 2014 about the developing significance innovation would play in following action (Mossier, 2014). The investigation talked about when a client precisel y tracks action and calorie consumption it is a successful procedure for improved objective setting and by and large wellbeing. This helped lead us toward with expanded consciousness of action loads misfortune result?An article by Richards would state it does however with unobtrusive outcomes in transient use (Annals of Family Medicine, 2008). This article talked about the Cross-sectional investigations demonstrate that people who walk more will in general be more slender than the individuals who walk less. This doesn't mean, in any case, that the relationship between higher advance checks and lower weight is causal or that urging inactive people to expand step tallies encourages them get more fit. The examination demonstrated that at least 5 grown-up members and in any event 1 accomplice took on a pedometer-based strolling mediation enduring in any event a month.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Macroeconomics Student Resource Center
Macroeconomics Student Resource Center This page contains connections to the articles and connections pages facilitated on Economics at About.com. The greater part of the significant subjects in macroeconomics have at any rate one article related with them, yet this is a work in progress and more will be included each month. The majority of the articles originate from inquiries from perusers, so in the event that you might want to pose an inquiry about macroeconomics, if you don't mind utilize the criticism structure. Make certain to likewise visit the Economics Glossary if youre searching for definitions, and Economics From start to finish for assets on different themes. The pages Macroeconomics Tips and Tricks and Macroeconomics Resources contain numerous connects to different pages which contain macroeconomics data, so if what youre searching for isn't here, Id recommend attempting there. Research paper tips and subjects can be found at Economics Term Paper Help. In the event that you need practice financial aspects questions, Test Yourself Macroeconomics (offsite) is the site to visit. Presently to the assets! Business Cycles - Macroeconomics Learners Guide to Economic Indicators and the Business CycleBusiness Cycle Links Monetary Data - Macroeconomics Quarterly Economic DataImport and Exports Data Monetary Growth - Macroeconomics The Effect of Income Taxes on Economic Growth Monetary Indicators - Macroeconomics Learners Guide to Economic Indicators Trade Rates - Macroeconomics A Beginners Guide to Exchange RatesExchange Rates: What to Use as the Base?The Canadian Exchange Rate Money related Markets - Macroeconomics How Markets Use Information to Set PricesStock Market Resource CenterInsider Trading: What Did Martha Do?Interpreting The Price/Earnings RatioDo Changes in Stock Prices Cause Recessions?What Does The Value of the Dow Jones Represent?What is Arbitrage?When Stock Prices Go Down, Where Does the Money Go?Banking in IndiaFinance LinksStock Market Links Monetary Policy The Logic of Collective Action Swelling and Deflation Cost-Push Inflation versus Request Pull InflationDeflation Resource CenterWhy Dont Prices Decline During A Recession?What is Deflation and How Can It Be Prevented?Why Not Just Print More Money?Inflation Links Loan costs The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest RatesInterest Rate Links Money related Policy Expansionary Monetary Policy versus Contractionary Monetary PolicyWhy Not Just Print More Money?Federal Reserve Links Cash Cash Resource CenterWhat Was The Gold Standard?What Is The Demand For Money?How Much Is The Per-Capita Money Supply?Why Does Money Have Value?Are Credit Cards a Form of Money?What is Arbitrage?When Stock Prices Go Down, Where Does the Money Go?Why Not Just Print More Money?Money Links Regular Resources We Will Never Run Out of OilSoftwood Lumber Dispute Resource Center Ostensible and Real Variables The Difference Between Nominal and Real Downturns and Depressions Why Dont Prices Decline During A Recession?Do Changes in Stock Prices Cause Recessions?The Difference Between a Recession and a Depression Short Run versus Since quite a while ago Run The Difference Between Short and Long Run Taxes and Trade The Economic Effect of TariffsDoes Freer Trade Lead To Lower Environmental Standards?Softwood Lumber Dispute Resource CenterImport and Exports DataWhy Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas? Expenses Reasonable Tax Resource CenterThe Effect of Income Taxes on Economic GrowthThe Dividend Tax Cut and Interest RatesTax Policy LinksWhy Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas?The Economic Effect of Tariffs
Sunday, August 9, 2020
Precautions You Should Take Before Taking Zoloft
Precautions You Should Take Before Taking Zoloft Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Precautions You Should Take Before Taking Zoloft By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 16, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 05, 2019 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Verywell / JR Bee In This Article Table of Contents Expand Starting Zoloft Serious Side Effects Missing a Dose Overdose Stopping Zoloft View All Zoloft (sertraline) belongs to a class of medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. These medications work by increasing the level of available serotonin in the brain.?? Low levels of serotonin in the brain are linked to a depressed mood as well as other psychiatric symptoms. Besides major depressive disorder, Zoloft is also FDA-approved to treat the following psychiatric conditions:?? PTSDPanic disorder OCDSocial anxiety disorderPremenstrual dysphoric disorder Learning how Zoloft works and what to watch out for when taking it can help you cope with your illness better and stick to your treatment plan. Starting Zoloft Its important that you dont expect immediate results when taking Zoloft. People typically notice some improvement within a week or two, but it may take several weeks until you feel the full effects of the drug. Also, when you start taking Zoloft, you may experience some side effects. The most common ones include nausea or upset stomach, diarrhea, sweating, tremor, or a decreased appetite. Sexual side effects may also occur, most notably delayed ejaculation and decreased libido.?? If any of these the side effects dont go away or are giving you significant problems, be sure to contact your doctor. Sometimes simple remedies can ease the side effects of taking Zoloft like taking it at a different time of day or changing the dose. Other times, if the side effects are too bothersome, your doctor may recommend switching to a different SSRI or a different class of medication altogether. Common Side Effects Nausea Diarrhea Sweating Tremor Difficulty with ejaculation Decreased libido Decreased appetite Serious Side Effects Suicidal thoughts and behavior in children or young adults Serotonin syndrome Bleeding risk with blood thinners Mania or hypomania with bipolar disorder Low sodium levels Allergic reaction (rare) Risk in pregnancy of infant developing persistent pulmonary hypertension Serious Side Effects In addition to the common side effects mentioned above, there are some serious effects to be on the lookout for if you are taking Zoloft. Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior A black-box-warning refers to a serious notice made by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration about this medication. The black-box warning for Zoloft indicates it may cause or increase thoughts of suicide in children and young adults. Monitor your loved one, or yourself if youre in this age group, for any signs of such thoughts, and contact your doctor immediately if they occur. Serotonin Syndrome Taking Zoloft may put you at risk for a rare, but possibly life-threatening condition called serotonin syndrome. This risk is higher if a person is also taking other serotonin-related medications like triptans (a common migraine medication), tricyclic antidepressants, or the pain medication, Ultram (tramadol), but can occur with taking Zoloft alone, as well. Some of the signs and symptoms of this condition are agitation, confusion, a high heart rate, fluctuating blood pressure, rigid muscles and/or coordination problems, tremor, and gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea.?? To be proactive in avoiding this rare syndrome from occurring, be sure to tell your doctor all the medications you are taking, including any over-the-counter drugs or supplements. Increased Risk of Bleeding There is an increased chance of bleeding when taking Zoloft along with medications that block platelets or medications that thin your blood. Examples include aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Coumadin (warfarin).?? Please notify your doctor right away of any bleeding events like nosebleeds or increased bruising. Seek medical attention right away if you notice more serious bleeding events like blood in your stool. Mania or Hypomania Zoloft can trigger a hypomanic or manic episode in a person with bipolar disorder.?? Remember to tell your doctor if you have ever been diagnosed or suspected of having bipolar disorder, or have a family history of it. Low Sodium Levels Low sodium levels in the bloodstream (called hyponatremia) may occur with Zoloft, in addition to other SSRIs. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include:?? HeadacheProblems concentratingMemory difficultiesConfusionWeaknessUnsteadiness and potentially falling In more severe cases, hyponatremia can lead to seizures and other serious neurologic and medical issues. Allergic Reaction While not common, if you take Zoloft and develop signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction like rash, hives, swelling, or problems breathing, contact your doctor right away. Pregnancy Zoloft is a pregnancy category C medication, so inform your doctor if you become pregnant on Zoloft or are planning a pregnancy. Zoloft use in the third trimester may increase a babys chance of developing a rare condition known as persistent pulmonary hypertension which can cause breathing problems. In addition, third-trimester use of Zoloft may possibly cause neonatal withdrawal symptoms.?? However, some women may need to continue taking Zoloft during pregnancy because of the benefit of treating their illness outweighs the potential risks. Overall, this decision requires a careful and thoughtful discussion with both an obstetrician and mental health professional. Missing a Dose Try to take your Zoloft at the same time every day. Setting a timer on your phone may be helpful so you dont forget. But if you do miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is too close to your next dose. In other words, never take two doses of Zoloft at the same time. Simply take your next scheduled dose and then return to your usual schedule. Overdose Contact Poison Control and your doctor for their guidance if you overdose on Zoloft. The most common signs and symptoms associated with Zoloft overdose include sleepiness, vomiting, a fast heart rate, nausea, dizziness, agitation, and tremor.?? How to Tell If Someone Has Overdosed on Zoloft Stopping Zoloft Stopping sertraline may result in symptoms of withdrawal, also known as SSRI discontinuation syndrome.?? This is one reason why its important to not stop taking Zoloft on your own. If you and your doctor decide its best for you to stop Zoloft, he can provide you with a tapering strategy to minimize any withdrawal symptoms like irritability, increased anxiety, or flu-like symptoms. How to Taper Off Zoloft A Word From Verywell Before prescribing Zoloft, your doctor will perform a thorough medical history. Even so, its important for you to play an active role in your healthcare. In other words, inform your doctor of all the details of your health history, regardless of whether or not you think they are essential. Overall, Zoloft is a generally well-tolerated and safe medication and has significantly helped many people cope with their psychiatric condition. You deserve to get well, and the good news is that if after trying Zoloft you find it doesnt help, there are lots of other options available.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
How Do You Remove Salt From Water
Ive been asked How do you remove salt from water? enough times that I suspect finding the answer to the question is a common science assignment. So... how do you do it? You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left behind as a solid. If you want to collect the water, you can use distillation. One way to do this at home would be to boil the saltwater in a pot with a lid. Offset the lid slightly so that the water that condenses on the inside of the lid will run down the side to be collected in a separate container. Congratulations! Youve just made distilled water. When all of the water has boiled off, the salt will remain in the pot. Evaporation works the same way, just at a slower rate. To evaporate water to obtain salt, place the salt water in a wide, shallow dish. This shape offers maximum exposed surface area, which aids evaporation. You can speed up the process by placing the dish in a warm, sunny window or by blowing a fan over it. If you place it outdoors, evaporation is quick on a warm, sunny, breezy day. It will be slower on a cloudy, cold, or humid day. Crystallizing salt from salt water doesnt leave behind pure water, although it does remove a lot of the salt. The remaining liquid will be a less-than-saturated solution.
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Social Disparities And The Development Gender...
SOCIAL DISPARITIES AS AN OBSTACLE TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: GENDER INEQUALITY, ABORIGINAL PEOPLE OF CANADA AND HEALTH. President Truman once said that international development is about relieving the suffering of people. It has for goal to make peopleââ¬â¢s lives better, especially focusing on the difficult lives of the population of developing countries, minorities, children, and women. Itââ¬â¢s a multidisciplinary discipline , with multiple actors such as countries, NGOs and international organization like the United Nations. Unfortunately, international development is a hard and long process, and it has many obstacles along the way: A recurrent problem is social disparities. Social inequalities can be found everywhere, in every sphere of society, at a local and at an international level. First of all, gender inequality is an enormous challenge: 1.2 billion of people in the world are living in extreme poverty, and 70% of this number are women. The gap between womenââ¬â¢s condition of living and menââ¬â¢s is undeniable. Moreover, some women suffer from a double burden: Being a minori ty and a woman. Indigenous population have, since the European colonization, being discriminated in many ways. We will focus on this paper on the discrimination over indigenous people and the double-burden of aboriginal women, then study the empirical case of health for indigenous women and how is this a development issue. We will first study how indigenous people and above all aboriginal womenShow MoreRelatedIndigenous Development in Canada1706 Words à |à 7 Pages Before we analyse the data of the health indicators and data in Aboriginal communities, we must recognise the sheer diversity of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada - who are so dispersed across the nation. This this severely limits our interpretation of data on Aboriginal communities as, there is little data on Aboriginal people who do not live on Aboriginal reservations in Canada (Cardwell and Wilson: 2005). Furthermore, the data that is often used in empirical studies of indigenous communitiesRead MoreThe Relationship Between Aboriginal Youth Sport Participation By Utilizing Hirschi s Understanding Of Social Control826 Words à |à 4 PagesAbstract: This research seeks to investigate the relationship between Aboriginal youth sport participation by utilizing Hirschiââ¬â¢s understanding of social control theory. In addition, the fundamental links between gender and health will also be examined within the context of Aboriginal youth participation in sport. Drawing from the Aborigina l Peoples Survey, the results of this study illustrate a strong association between sport participation and the internalization of other societal bonds postulatedRead MoreThe Constitution Act Of 18671683 Words à |à 7 Pagesaddress and affect Aboriginal populations. In contrast to the spiritual and traditional lives of the Aboriginal people, the new European settlers sought to conquer nature and shed traditional values in order to contrive industrialization in Canada; hence, post-confederation policies were largely based on the upper Canadian model. Furthermore, the failure of European settlers to coexist with the Aboriginal populations led to several attempts at civilizing the indigenous people; in other words, theRead MoreFirst Nations Health And Wellbeing : Government Enacted Health Equity Programming3386 Words à |à 14 PagesFirst Nations Health and Wellbeing: Government Enacted Health Equity Programming Health care is a major focus of both the federal and provincial Canadian governments. Policies and programs are created, revised, and implemented in order to improve the overall health and wellbeing of Canadian citizens. Canadaââ¬â¢s publically funded health care system offers access to quality health care services and treatment to most citizens. However, extensive research demonstrates that despite government attemptsRead MoreDiscourse on Aboriginal Health Care7025 Words à |à 29 PagesRunning head: THE INFLUENCE OF DISCOURSE ON HEALTH CARE The Discourse of On Reserve Housing Mary Ratensperger Athabasca University Centre of Nursing Science MNS 620 Culture and Health Margo deJong Berg The Discourse of On Reserve Housing The substance of this paper will be to discuss the discourse regarding the inequalities facing aboriginal peoples living on reserves in the northwestern corner of Ontario. Inequality is not naturally occurring; poverty is not an innate culturalRead MoreOppression of First Nation People2209 Words à |à 9 Pagesindigenous of Canada transpire into the minority and oppressed? Specifically, how are First Nations women vulnerable to multiple prejudices? What are the origins of prejudice amp; oppression experienced by First Nations women in Canada,à how has this prejudice been maintained, what is its impact and how can it best be addressed? Ever since the late 1400ââ¬â¢s when the European discovered North America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the first nation people with very littleRead MoreSocial And Economic Policy Decisions Impact Income Equality3504 Words à |à 15 PagesSocial and economic policy decisions impact income equality, which has an effect on the health of Canadians. Those with lower incomes are directly affected while income inequality affects the health of all Canadians through weakening of social structure (Raphael, 2002). Contrary to reports of rising net worth, a new report has been released by an Ottawa-based think tank to show Canadaââ¬â¢s inequality problem. The top 10 percent of Canadians have seen their net worth grow by 42% since 2005 to 2.1 millionRead MoreSmoking Cessation Of Pregnancy : Review Of Current Strategies9414 Words à |à 38 PagesSMOKING CESSATION IN PREGNANCY: REVIEW OF CURRENT STRATEGIES Boitumelo A Nkoane-Kelaeng1, Claire M Lawley1,2, Gemma A Figtree1 Cardiovascular Research, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia Clinical Population Perinatal Health Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Corresponding Author: Professor Gemma A Figtree MBBS DPhil (Oxon) FRACP FAHA North Shore Heart Research Group Kolling Institute of Medical Research Royal North ShoreRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words à |à 656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)ââ¬âISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)ââ¬âISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modernââ¬â20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social historyââ¬â20th century. 4. World politicsââ¬â20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943ââ¬â II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82ââ¬âdc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National StandardRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 PagesGeorge Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia â⬠¢ Brazil â⬠¢ Canada â⬠¢ Mexico â⬠¢ Singapore â⬠¢ Spain â⬠¢ United Kingdom â⬠¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck, Chris Olsen, Jay Devore Acquisitions Editor: Carolyn Crockett Development Editor: Danielle Derbenti Assistant Editor: Beth Gershman Editorial Assistant: Ashley Summers Technology Project Manager: Colin Blake Marketing
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Factors Contributing to Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢ Voyage Free Essays
Christopher Columbus departed Spain on August 3, 1492 for his first voyage. He stopped at the Canary Islands for a final restocking and left there on September 6. He was in command of three ships known as the Pinta, the Nina, and the Santa Maria. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Contributing to Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢ Voyage or any similar topic only for you Order Now On October 12, they first sighted land which turned out to be a small island in present-day Bahamas (Minster, 2012a). There are various factors which influenced Christopher Columbus to undertake this voyage. He had a personal interest and determination to find a faster more efficient route to the East Indies. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella financed his voyage because they were interested in material wealth and converts for Spain. The time period in which Columbus lived also had a great influence since the Renaissance period was a time of exploration and finding new meanings for existence. Christopher Columbus examined mostly southward voyages of the Portuguese into the Atlantic and Africa and thought that one could also sail westward and ultimately reach India. This belief was also influenced by accounts he read from the travel accounts of writer Marco Polo. Columbus may have conceived this idea of sailing west to reach Asia as early as 1481 in a correspondence which he sent to Italian Scholar, Paolo del Pozzo Toscaneli. Apart from proving his theory of traveling westward, Columbus also had a personal interest on the voyage. When King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella approved his voyage, Columbus would become viceroy of all the lands located and he would keep a tenth of all values found (ââ¬Å"Thinkquest,â⬠2013). When Columbus sighted land, he believed he had reached the Asian islands as is evident in his self-promoted letter which he sent to the King and Queen of Spain. When Columbus developed his theory of sailing westward across the Atlantic in search of a shorter route to Asia, he first submitted his proposal in 1484 to John II, King of Portugal. He wanted the Portuguese to finance his expedition across the Atlantic. The King passed on the petition to the Royal Maritime Commission who rejected Columbus since other ships were already traveling to Africa (ââ¬Å"Ucalgary,â⬠1997). Columbus then moved to Spain where he petitioned Queen Isabella. The Royal Commission first rejected his plan but he tried once more in 1492 when it was approved. Spain had its own interest in the voyage since it had a desire to spread Christianity and claim new land to expand its empire. They were also interested in the Northwest Passage which Columbus claimed since it would allow them to gather new sources of wealth such as spices, silk and gold. Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 which was the period of the Renaissance. It was a time marked by renewed interest in art, culture and exploration. As mentioned before, countries such as Spain and Portugal wanted to expand their empires and spread Christianity to new lands. This was the perfect period for Columbus to explore new lands since people began to chase secular pursuits and there was greater emphasis on human potential and human progress (Tammy, n. d. ). Knowledge became the key to understanding the world that surrounded human beings and Columbusââ¬â¢ voyage would directly help in increasing this thirst for knowledge. During this period there was increased trade and commercial activity, growth of cities and towns and the expansion of learning all aided in fueling Columbus desire to initiate his voyage. After landing on the island which he named San Salvador on his first voyage, Columbus sailed to other islands including Cuba and Hispaniola. Columbus returned to Spain in March of 1493 and although his first voyage was almost a failure, he lost his biggest ship and did not find the promised route to the west, the Spanish Monarchs were very intrigued with his discoveries. Spain financed three more voyages for him with the aim of establishing permanent colonies (Minster, 2012b). As can be seen there are various factors which contributed to Columbusââ¬â¢ voyage, including his personal interests, Spainââ¬â¢s interest of expanding its empire and religion and the time period in which his voyage took place. Today, Columbus is remembered for both the ââ¬Ëgood and the badââ¬â¢ since he discovered the Americas but also opened the doors for exploitation, subjugation and slavery. How to cite Factors Contributing to Christopher Columbusââ¬â¢ Voyage, Papers
Saturday, May 2, 2020
Youth Violence and Music Essay Example For Students
Youth Violence and Music Essay The prevailing opinion in the media is that listening to violent lyrics tends to lead to violence. This idea permeates nearly all media, news and entertainment. According to the conservative organization Empower America, the issue at heart is such music leading us on a slide toward decivilization (Bennet and Tucker, 1995). The idea being that by glorifying subjects like rape, murder, suicide and homophobia the fear of homosexuals and their lifestyle, these lyrics erode the judgement and thought capabilities of adolescents. In recent history, the popular solution to the problems of our society has been censorship the mandated editing or suppression of the music thought to be at fault. The Parents Music Resource Center PMRC, headed by Pamela Howar and including such big Washington names as Tipper Gore wife of Democratic Presidential Nominee Al Gore pushed for Motion Picture Association of America MPAA style ratings of music (Deflem, 1993). The PMRCs efforts resulted in the widely noticed Parental Advisory warnings. While the adults seem to agree, the youth, adolescents and artists alike, seem to take a different direction. The dominant point of view among younger audiences is that no one is responsible for teen violence but those who act out. But there is a second view. We are all equally guilty for the violent acts of youths (Manson, 1999). Such violent acts, while increasingly spoken about by news and entertainment media, the Centers for Disease Control report that violence in adolescents is down (Youth 2000). Given the perceived impact of violent lyrics, and the immense popularity and friction of this issue, it is surprising that little or no actual study has been done to back up any of these claims (Hogan et al, 1996). The ultimate goal of my research is to determine whether there is a real, causal connection between violent lyrical content in music and violent feelings in teens. However, given the monetary and temporal constraints, this ultimate goal will be broken into several steps. The first step, which is relevant to this class, will ask, Do teenagers habits affect their belief on this subject? The second will ask Do teenagers feel that lyrically violent music causes societal violence? This topic deals with two central things: Real world violence, and violence in music lyrics. Music lyrics, as a part of the vast media, are beholden to many of the same situations. However, if research on media violence such as violent video games, movies, and music lyrics is to be held credible, it must be done properly. There is, however some question as to whether the research is being done in a scientifically correct manner. David Gauntlett says that the effects model does research the wrong way round. Media effects research has quite consistently taken the wrong approach to the mass media, its audiences, and society in general (Gauntlett 1999). Video games players, for example, are often discussed as undiscriminating, brainless suckers by people who do not seem to have attempted to understand the meanings and the appeal of these games, and whose views are supported (if at all) by inadequate, contrived and predetermined research. Like the critics of TV and movie violence, they are guilty of looking at this perceived problem backwards by starting with the games and then trying to make links to actual crimes, rather than by starting with real criminals and seeing if they seem to have been centrally motivated or affected by video games (Gauntlett 1999). The backwards approach involves the mistake of looking at individuals, rather than society, in relation to the mass media. The narrowly individualistic approach of some psychologists leads them to argue that, because of their belief that particular individuals at certain times in specific circumstances may be negatively affected by one bit of media, the removal of such media from society would be a positive step. This approach is rather like arguing that the solution to the number of road traffic accidents in Britain would be to lock away one famously poor driver from Cornwall; that is, a blinkered approach which tackles a real problem from the wrong end, involves cosmetic rather than relevant changes, and fails to look in any way at the bigger picture (Gauntlett) 1999). So, Gauntlett says, .
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